Martial Adepts:
Some "schools" do exist which focus upon some of the martial techniques. Most of these are region or race specific, and not terribly widespread, and not every race or region has access to the necessary training or discipline focus needed, while those that do may be more restricted than the base class.
For DM's sanity, there will be no multi-classing multiple Martial Adept classes. They may multiclass with other classes normally, but may not multiclass between each other.
Racial:
Elves:
Aerdrie Elves: No Martial Adept Schools or Techniques available
Dark Elves: Dark Elves, both normal and sun-touched can become Swordsages. 3/4ths of techniques must be selected from Setting Sun and/or Shadow Hand. Desert Wind techniques are not available. Sun-touched Drow may also use the Blackmar regional access.
Desert Elves: Desert Elves may become Swordsages. 3/4ths of techniques must come from Desert Wind and/or Diamond Mind. Shadow Hand techniques are not available. Desert Elves gain access to White Raven instead of Stone Dragon as Swordsages.
Grey Elves: No Schools or Techniques available.
High Elves: High Elves have no inherent schools or techniques available, but may gain them by region, primarily the Blackmar regional access.
Jungle Elves: Jungle Elves may become Warblades. Most techniques should be focused around Tiger Claw (unlimited access to all Tiger Claw maneuvers and stances, all others at DM’s discretion)
Snow Elves: Snow Elves may multiclass Warblade with Ranger, Scout, Barbarian, Sorceror or Druid levels, but may not become single class Warblades. 1 in 3 levels should be one of the more common classes as listed above. They have no technique restrictions, but favored weapon for all disciplines is spear or longspear instead of normal listed weapons.
Stormsea Elves: Stormsea Elves may become Crusaders with no restrictions.
Wild Elves: Both varieties of Wild Elves may become Warblades. 3/4ths of techniques must come from Diamond Mind or Tiger Claw. Some may also access regional access schools.
Wood Elves: Wood Elves may become Swordsages or Warblades. Regardless, they lose access to the Stone Dragon "school". They have no other restrictions.
Dwarves:
Deep Dwarves: No Martial Adept classes available
Duergar: Duergar may become Swordsages. 3/4ths of techniques must come from Shadow Hand and/or Stone Dragon. Desert Wind techniques are not available.
Hill Dwarves: Hill Dwarves may become any Martial Adept Class. Shadow Hand and Desert Wind are never available. Stone Dragon techniques should be favored.
Mountain Dwarves: Mountain Dwarves may become Crusaders or Warblades. Tiger Claw is not available. If 3/4ths of techniques are drawn from Stone Dragon and/or White Raven, the Mountain Dwarf may treat Martial Adept levels in these classes as Fighter levels for purposes of multiclassing.
Gnomes:
Gnomes may take up to 3 levels of Swordsage or Crusader classes without restrictions. They have no schools or focused devotions of their own, but typical of the race, can pick up a little bit from all over the place, but very, very few Gnomes are focused, disciplined, and martially oriented enough to make a career out of such devotions.
Halflings:
Most Halflings cannot start with any Martial Adept levels, but may become multi-class Crusaders or Swordsages. Halfling Swordsages gain White Raven instead of Tiger Claw. Multi-class clerics of any Halfling deity /except/ Brandobaris may treat Crusader levels as Cleric levels for purposes of multiclassing, and Halfling Paladins may take Crusader levels and continue advancing as Paladins.
Half-Elves.Half-Orcs:
No inherent schools, may gain regional access.
Humans:
By region
M'inah Zvema:
M'inah Zvema may not become martial adepts in most circumstances.
Goblins:
Very rare Goblins may become Swordsages. They need a good reason, are usually multi-class, and lose access to Stone Dragon.
Orcs:
Orcs may become any Martial Adept Class. Crusaders get Iron Heart instead of Devoted Spirit, Swordsages get Iron Heart instead of Desert Wind. Because of the haphazard manner of Orcish training, lack of resources, and general demeanor of Orcs, Orcish Swordsages and Warblades must select two schools they would normally get, other than Iron Heart, which they lose access to.
Hobgoblins:
Hobgoblins may become any Martial Adept Class. Hobgoblin Swordsages gain White Raven instead of Tiger Claw. Hobgoblin Warblades gain Devoted Spirit instead of Tiger Claw. If half or more maneuvers and stances are selected from White Raven, the Hobgoblin may treat any Martial Adept levels as Fighter levels for purposes of multiclassing.
Tieflings:
No inherent Martial
Adept access.
Regional:
Blackmar:
Humans, Half-Elves, Sun-Touched Drow and High Elves from Blackmar may become Crusaders without restriction. Blackmaran multi-class Crusader-Paladins may continue to advance as Paladins after taking levels of Crusader. Crusaders who take levels in the Knight of Blackmar PrC may give up divine spellcasting progression to gain +1 initiator level each time they would normally gain a divine spellcaster level. (By 10th level, a KoB/Crusader would have +9 Initiator levels from the Knight PrC)
Brelandia:
Brelandia has little in the way of martial academies, but the art of warfare, and the mix of cultures encourages innovation. For every one level they have in another class, Brelandians of all races may take one level of Warblade without restrictions.
Demon Valley:
Residents of the Demon Valley may take levels of Swordsage or Crusader. Crusader disciplines are Desert Wind, Iron Heart and Shadow Hand instead of normal Crusader access. Swordsages must select 3/4ths of techniques from Desert Wind or Shadow Hand.
Drachensreach Mountains:
No inherent schools or techniques. See entries for races common to the region.
Endless Desert:
Most locals have no access to Martial Adept classes. Those with the Servant of the Eye PrC or the Initiate feat for the Servants may take levels of Crusader without restriction. Desert Elves have their own racial access.
Those with at least 2 Fighter or Paladin levels among Dust People and Jeweled People may take levels of Swordsage, but lose access to Shadow Hand and Tiger Claw, gaining their choice of Iron Heart or White Raven instead.
Fairweather:
See entries for Halflings
Ghost Hills:
For every level of Ranger, Scout or Barbarian, Ghost Hills humans may take 1 level of Warblade. Tiger Claw should be a focus. At 3rd Initiator level, residents gain the Tactics of the Wolf stance from White Raven as a bonus stance.
Gnomefort:
See entry for Gnomes.
Hold of Three Tribes:
Wolf Tribesmen follow the rules for the Ghost Hills.
Bear Tribesmen may become Warblades, but lose access to the Diamond Mind abilities. Otherwise no restrictions.
Falcon Tribesmen may become Swordsages, but lose access to Stone Dragon and one other school of choice, and gain White Raven instead.
Hurricane Plains:
Humans and Half-Elves from the Hurricane Plains can become Swordsages, but lose access to Tiger Claw. 3/4ths of maneuvers should come from Desert Wind and Setting Sun.
Midnight Gorge:
See entry for Drow
Ravenlands:
Humans, Half-Elves and Half-Orcs of the Ravenlands may become Crusaders without restriction. Humans of Raven's Reach may become Warblades, but lose access to the Diamond Mind school.
The Scar:
Per individual Humanoid descriptions. Ogres and Trolls may not become Martial Adepts under most circumstances. Gnolls follow the rules for Orcs.
Shield Hills:
See entries for Hill Dwarves and Gnomes.
Silver Valley and Silverwood:
Elves of the Silver Valley follow their racial accesses.
Slaver Lands:
There are no set academies in Slaver Lands, but the odd mix of peoples, Orcish influence and constant conflict have encouraged some innovation. People of any race from this region may take Swordsage or Warblade levels, but lose access to the Diamond Mind school and one other they would normally have access to, of choice. Swordsages from this region may also trade one school out to gain access to Iron Heart.
In all cases, add whip, shortspear and shortsword to the favored weapons for slavers.
Southern Continent:
Humans, including Pygmies, may become Swordsages. Choose either Desert Wind or Shadow Hand. One should be favored, and lose access to the other school. (Pygmies always favor Shadow Hand, Easterners always have Desert Wind. Western Humans may choose one or the other.)
Stormseas:
See entry for Stormsea Elves. the Sahuagin may also have restricted Warblades and/or Crusaders.
The Wastes:
See Snow Elves and Hold of Three Tribes Entries.
Beyond the actual Wastes, Northman may become Warblades, but lose access to the Diamond Mind school, and should focus mostly on Stone Dragon. Clerics of their War Gods may also become multi-class Cleric/Crusaders without further restriction beyond having at least 1 level of Cleric for every 2 of Crusader.
Organizations:
Midnight Children:
Those with access to training from the Midnight Children can become Swordsages. Select either Desert Wind or Stone Dragon to lose access to.
Order of Ash:
Those who have taken the Oath of Ashes, or otherwise have access to training from the Order may become Crusaders or Swordsages. Crusaders gain access to Setting Sun instead of Stone Dragon. Swordsages lose access to Stone Dragon and Tiger Claw, but gain White Raven.
Serpentine Order:
Monks of the Serpentine Order may take 1 unrestricted level in any Martial Adept class for every level they have of Monk or Serpentine Order PrC. If a PC has the Serpentine Order Initiate Feat, they may take 2 extra levels of Martial Adept Classes before having to match levels to Monk or the Order PrC.